As adults age with HIV, more individuals are living with the physical, social and psychological consequences of the disease, long-term treatment and comorbidities associated with ageing. Since the introduction of anti-retroviral drugs (in the 1990’s in Europe and US, in 2000’s in Africa and India) HIV is now experienced as a chronic illness with specific challenges such as premature onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, bone and joint disorders, neurocognitive disorders and non-AIDS-defining cancers.

Rehabilitation has become an increasingly important strategy to address disability in patients, but few professionals work specifically with people living with HIV (PLHIV) highlighting a gap in service provision and need for further HIV knowledge, training and clinical guidance. No guidelines specific to HIV rehabilitation exist; and high level evidence is absent. This article aims to fill that gap.