Plantar fasciitis is the most common foot condition and accounting for up to 15% of all adult foot complaints requir­ing professional care.

Increased plantar fascia thickness is associ­ated with symptoms (altered pain levels) and altered compressive proper­ties of the fat pad in those with plantar heel pain. Heel pain/plantar fasciitis is often see as a chronic con­dition, with symptom duration greater than 1 year.

Risk factors may include limited ankle dorsiflexion ROM, high BMI in nonathletic individuals, running, and work-related weight-bearing activities. The ICD catego­ry of plantar fasciitis and the associated ICF impair­ment-based category of heel pain (b28015 Pain in lower limb, b2804 Radiating pain in a segment or region).

 History and physical examination findings should include:

•   Plantar medial heel pain: especially the first steps after a period of inactivity and      prolonged weight bearing
•   Heel pain provoked by a recent increase in weightbearing activity
•   Pain with palpation at the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia
•   Positive windlass test
•   Negative tarsal tunnel tests
•   Limited active and passive talocrural joint dorsiflexion ROM
•   Abnormal foot posture index (FPI) score
•   High BMI in nonathletic individuals

Diagnostic ultrasound may be used to assess plan­tar fascia thickness.