• Focus on psychosocial factors of chronic low back pain
• Pain science education, graded exposure and behavioural therapy are most effective
• Coaching with motivational interviewing techniques also promising

Cognitive behavioural therapy, pain science education and ‘graded exposure’ are the most effective and sustainable interventions for patients suffering from chronic low back pain, when looking at behaviour change, knowledge of low back pain and therapy compliance. Coaching, ‘graded activity’ and interventions focusing on self-management seem to be less effective in the medium and long-term. This is concluded by a group of Italian researchers who performed a systematic review of the literature, including 24 randomised controlled studies.