Due to new high-intensity exercise routines, hospitals have seen a rise in cases of rhabdomyolysis. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis is the breaking down of skeletal muscle, resulting in a release of creatine kinase (CK) levels and myoglobin in the blood stream, which can damage the kidneys.
The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is commonly established by taking a thorough history and observing spikes in activity levels, as well as determining if CK levels are 5-10 times higher than baseline, with a urine test providing the definitive diagnosis. Pain is considered as a critical part of the clinical picture. It is often described as a localised soreness of a muscle group that is more intense than would be expected with an over-use injury.
This study found that an elevation in CK levels is a normal reaction to high-intensity workouts.
Nevertheless, the authors point out that there is a likelihood that rhabdomyolysis goes untreated. As no single sign can definitively diagnose rhabdomyolysis, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the possible signs.
Clinical signs to consider are:
If any of these signs are present, a blood test for further diagnosis is indicated.
> From: Pedersen et al., Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 139 (2019) (Epub ahead of print). All rights reserved to Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. Click here for the online summary.
This study has several obvious limitations, such as sample size and subjects acting as their own controls. However, it does raise an important point regarding symptoms that need to be considered to treat possible cases of rhabdomyolisis adequately.
The authors also provide a few helpful tips for those who may be at risk to avoid rhabdomyolysis, such as maintaining hydration levels, being aware not to overheat, and to progress gradually into new exercise routines.